Atmospheric boundary layer: friction velocity and surface layer; log layer, methods of determining wind stress, surface wave effects on APBL fluxes; non-dimensional scaling. Heat fluxes: bulk aerodynamic formulas; Obukhov length scales; approximations, role of SSTs, precipitation and evaporation, methods of determining heat fluxes.
Forced upper ocean response: Ekman dynamics; projection of wind stress on baroclinic modes; near inertial responses; fronts, tropical and extra-tropical cyclones; wind forced equatorial Kelvin waves.
Introduction to weather and climate: momentum, continuity and thermodynamic energy equations; basic equations in isobaric coordinates; Balanced flow, inertial flow, cyclostrophic flow, thermal wind, vertical motion and surface pressure tendency; Circulation and vorticity, planetary boundary layer, atmospheric turbulence, Boussinesq approximations.
Introduction to Physical Oceanography; Properties of sea water and their distributions, measurements in the ocean, mixed layer and thermocline, governing equations, ocean circulation, wind driven currents, Ekmann flow, Sverdrup flow, geostrophic currents, coastal currents, air-sea interaction.
Text/Reference Books:
1. G. T. Csanady and Mary Gibson. Air-Sea Interaction: Laws and Mechanisms, Cambridge University Press
2. J M Wallace and Peter V Hobbs: Atmospheric Science, Second Edition: An Introductory Survey, International Geophysics
3. J. R. Garratt .The Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Cambridge University Press
4. Boris A. Kagan and M Hazain:Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling, Cambridge University Press. |